Basic problems with the choice of topic do not form part of the assessment of proficiency. These are a matter of conceptualization more than execution. A proposal that itself may need revision can still provide an fully adequate display of the proficient use of English.
A weak essay may lack a clear organizational structure. The organization may be repetitious or random. The essay may not fully support its reasons with evidence or may choose examples and details that are confusing and inadequate. It may display significant flaws in guiding the reader through the argument, or may only repeat existing information or list facts in place of analysis/discussion. Sentences may be badly focused, rely heavily on abstract language, be illogical or suffer from grammatical or idiomatic errors to the point where the meaning is no longer clear. Put differently, numerous mechanical errors or flaws in usage; poorly established overall structure; disjointed, unclear, or minimally developed points; lack of adequate analysis or supporting examples would all be issues indicating a need for greater writing proficiency. This is normally accomplished by enrollment in English writing courses specifically designed for this purpose.
